Dyslexia

Dyslexia

The British Dyslexia Association (BDA) states that:

“Dyslexia is a specific learning difficulty which primarily affects reading and writing skills. However, it does not only affect these skills. Dyslexia is actually about information processing. Dyslexic people may have difficulty processing and remembering information they see and hear, which can affect learning and the acquisition of literacy skills. Dyslexia can also impact on other areas such as organisational skills.”

Signs of Dyslexia

Dyslexia can present itself in many ways. As the BDA says:

“There is a misconception that dyslexia just affects the ability to read and write. If this were true, it would be much easier to identify. In fact, dyslexia can have an effect on areas such as coordination, organisation and memory.

Each person with dyslexia will experience the condition in a way that is unique to them and as such, each will have their own set of abilities and difficulties.

However, if you know what to look for, there are common signs that can help you to identify whether the difficulties being experienced could be indicative of dyslexia and would suggest that further investigation could be beneficial.”

A combination of the common indicators listed below alongside difficulties in literacy attainment may suggest dyslexia.

Primary

Reading

  • Difficulty learning phonics
  • Progress in reading slower than peers and difficulty segmenting and blending letter sounds
  • Trouble breaking words into syllables
  • Reading aloud can be hesitant, often with missing or added words
  • Difficulty recognising familiar words
  • Difficulty identifying key points in stories or passages

Writing

  • Lower standard of written work compared to verbal abilities
  • Handwriting may not be as neat as peers and may include frequent corrections
  • Confuses letters with similar shapes (e.g., b/d, p/q)
  • May vary spelling of the same word within one text or reorder the letters in words without realising, such as quite and quiet.

General

  • Difficulty with focus/concentration and organisation
  • Struggles with remembering multi-step directions
  • Difficulty finding specific words when speaking

Secondary

Reading

  • Find it difficult to grasp main ideas in texts
  • Reluctant to read aloud and struggle with skimming and scanning
  • Difficulty maintaining reading pace
  • Difficulty understanding exam questions
  • Low self-confidence and exam-related anxiety

Writing

  • Written output is often below spoken ability
  • Challenges with spelling, punctuation, and grammar
  • Writing lacks clear organisation and coherence
  • Trouble copying from the board, with slow or hard-to-read handwriting

 General

  • May be easily distracted and struggle to stay focused
  • Process information slowly
  • Misunderstand complex or multi-step questions
  • Difficulty retaining lists of instructions unless given one at a time
  • Struggle to learn languages